On How American Companies Started Offshoring White and...

This report analyses how American Companies started offshoring or moving white collar and blue collar positions to other countries with low pay since the 1960’s. Also, the purpose of this report is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of offshoring jobs to countries with low pay. This report will analyze how the consumers, communities, and corporations are beneficiated and/or affected. In the 1960’s American Companies started offshoring job positions to Asian countries, and Hispanic countries. American Companies started offshoring American Jobs because their business was more profitable in other countries, so in order for the companies to be closer to those countries American Companies started hiring employees in those countries.†¦show more content†¦Offshoring may occur inside the same business and involve movement of work to a different location of that company outside the United States, or to a different company altogether where wages are often lower and other conditions are favorable because they lower a companys overhead. Why do companies decide to offshore outsourcing? The major motivation as any one might suppose is to decrease costs and thus increase revenues. The manufacturing industry cost in the United States is four times higher than in China or India. Conversely, the difference in manufacture is three to one. Employees can be significan tly more industrious if they are equipped with the required tools and technology. Also, the lower rate of labor in emerging countries does not matter unless one also takes into account efficiency and quality. The profits of outsourcing American jobs is not only about decreasing costs but also increasing manufacture. But beyond profits and reduction of cost, companies anticipate advancing quality and productivity; decrease the extent of time required to generate new products; and respond to orders, complaints and inquiries from consumers. The loss of jobs was unavoidable after China entered the World Trade Organization in 2001. As part of the treatyShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesbusiness unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or di stributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmissionRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesaudio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user Ask your local representative for details! Collaborate with your colleaguesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesChristian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the UnitedRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depthRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesbringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster Univers ity, UK This new

Image Segmentation Of Detection Of Lump Using Algorithm

â€Å" Image Segmentation Of Detection Of Lump Using Algorithm† Nikhil B Bhosle Bhagban J Choudhury Nilesh S Magam Project Guide:-J.P.Patil (bhosle.nikhila03@gmail.com) (bhagbanchoudhury18@gmail.com) (nil25may@gmail.com) (jeetoo.patil@gmail.com) Abstract— Tumor is a swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of cells it is also known as cancerous growth and uncontrol growth and they also have different treatment. This paper is to implement of few Algorithms for rooting out the distance and the shape of tumor in brain by using MRI Images. Usually result of this process can be viewed by first doing CT scan or by MRI scan. In this paper Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanned image is basically used for this whole procedure, For identifying purpose Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan is more accurate than any other scan it will never affect our human body reason for this is it doesn’t require any radiation It is centered on the magnetic field and radio waves. There are many types of algorithm which were developed to cure brain Tumor detection. But few of them have different drawbacks for extraction and detection process. After the segmentation process which has been taken by fuzzy c-means and k-means clustering by doing this process the detection and extraction location are identified. By differentiateShow MoreRelatedCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesopportunity to do that with future books, and I have enough respect for this one to try to stand off a bit. That being said, I did make a few significant exceptions. I eliminated the vii viii Preface to the Revised Edition section on using â€Å"thematic niches† as a legitimate tactic for crossing the chasm. It turns out instead they were a placeholder for the market tactics used during a merging hypergrowth market, a challenge covered in a subsequent book, Inside the Tornado. Also I haveRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesDevelopmental editor: Gail Korosa Associate marketing manager: Jaime Halterman Project manager: Harvey Yep Production supervisor: Carol Bielski Designer: Mary Kazak Vander Photo researcher: Jeremy Cheshareck Media project manager: Cathy Tepper Cover image:  © Veer Images Typeface: 10.5/12 Times Roman Compositor: Aptara ®, Inc. Printer: Worldcolor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Larson, Erik W., 1952Project management: the managerial process / Erik W. Larson, Clifford F. Gray. —5th ed. p. cm

History Of Alzheimer’S Disease Essay Example For Students

History Of Alzheimer’S Disease Essay Alzheimers DiseaseNoah RodmanHelen PackeyEnglish 120November 5, 2001Alzheimers DiseaseImagine waking up one morning and you cannot remember where you are or your own childs name. This could be a direct sign that you or a family member has Alzheimers disease. Alzheimers disease is a form of dementia, which means that it affects certain functions of the brain such as memory, logic, and everyday bodily functions. This disease was first described by a doctor named Alois Alzheimer in 1906. He discovered unusual growths of fibers in the brains of woman that had died from an unusual mental illness (National Institute, 1995). Many people do not realize how severe this disease really is. These people also do not realize how much of a risk there is of developing the disease. Four million people in the United States today are afflicted with Alzheimers disease. It is estimated that about 22 million people around the world currently have this disease (St.George-Hyslop, 2000). Another very interes ting fact about Alzheimers is that the changes in the brain take place 20 to 40 years before the patient shows any symptoms. About ten percent of Americans have this disease by the age of 65, and about 50 percent of Americans have the disease by the age of 85. People can live well into their 90s, and they still retain most of their memories and control of their bodies (Kahn, 1998). This disease is a disease that everyone in the United States should be concerned about. Scientists believe that they know what causes this disease to occur. It is caused by proteins in the brain that go terribly wrong. These proteins form clusters inside the brain, and they produce a toxin that affects nerve cells. These nerve cells are then lost, and this affects certain parts of the brain that control certain functions. This directly affects two parts of the brain, the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. These two parts of the brain control memory, reasoning, language, and other bodily functions (St. G eorge-Hyslop, 2000). Alzheimers disease has a major effect on not only the patients life, but on the lives of the patients family as well. This disease takes a very slow path in its development. It may start as just some short-term memory loss. This means that a person with Alzheimers may forget little things, like what he or she ate for dinner last night or why they went to the refrigerator. These symptoms can be overlooked as just a part of the aging process. As the disease progresses, however, the symptoms get much worse. Sometimes people with Alzheimers forget where they are, and they can even forget what they are doing half way through a simple task, like making toast (National Institute, 1995). A few years ago, I went to Thanksgiving dinner at my grandmothers house. My whole family knew that my great aunt had Alzheimers, but no one knew how bad it had gotten. My aunt and I always had great conversations about life, but when I went to say hello to her, she did not even know my name. She could hardly remember anybodys name, and we were all her closest family. What made things look even worse was half way through din ner she remembered my name, only to say, Noah can you pass the mashed potatoes? About two minutes later, she had once again forgotten my name. Believe it or not this disease gets even worse. People with Alzheimers can eventually start forgetting to do their everyday tasks such as brushing their teeth, combing their hair, and a person can even forget when to go to the bathroom. After a while, a person may need 24 hour a day care. Many times a spouse or an offspring will take the job of a patients caretaker. The job of the caregiver is a very tolling one. This person needs to totally devote him of her self to the job. Shenk (2001 p. 15) interviewed a caregiver, who stated, She needs to be watched every second, as she wants to go home and has attempted to walk there many times. Of course home is always in a different place, depending on where her memory of her life happens to be. Shenk (2001) also points out that patients often become very angry and blame the majority of the anger on t heir caregiver. For example, when my cousin was taking care of my aunt, she would often get very mad at him like a child would get mad at his parents because they would not let the child buy a piece of candy. My aunt would become furious, and sometime she would even try to hit him. This point was illustrated by Shenk (2001) in the following passage:All her anger is focused on me; she calls me fat and no good. She says I dont even care if she lives or dies. She accuses me of stealing her things, and accuses my children, who dont smoke of taking her cigarettes. When she gets into repetitive complaining about me, Ive often felt that I would love to place her somewhere else, anywhere but hereif I could find someone who would take good care of her. (p. 16) As the Alzheimers Fact Sheet (1995) points out, patients will eventually begin to wander away from home. Several times the police have been enlisted to help track her down. Once she was found with mud up to her knees. She had tried to walk across a swamp (Shenk, 2001, p. 16). This happened only when the caregiver took her eyes off of her mother for a couple of seconds. The caregiver cannot be blamed for this, but it shows how much responsibility the caregiver really has. One day my cousin fell asleep while my aunt was taking a nap. A couple of hours later he awoke to the phone ringing. The call was from a supermarket about ten miles away. They said that my aunt had gone shopping, but she did not have any money to pay for what she wanted. My cousin had taken my aunt shopping the previous day. In my aunts case, and in most other cases, this disease will kill the patient. The brain will lose the ability to command certain organs in the body. In my aunts case, her liver stopped functioning. She died about two days later. Every patient will eventually meet a similar doom. The worst part is that nothing can be done about this. There is no way to stop the disease from taking its path. Final Project Arts EssayAlzheimers will eventually lead to death, if something else does not happen along the way. There are no ways to prevent the disease, and there has yet to be a cure found for the disease. The most difficult part of this disease is that a person does not need to have the disease to suffer from it. The caregivers are doomed to watch his or her family slowly turn back into a toddler like state. The caregivers are also faced with being reeducated. Every few months, the caregiver must learn to deal with the new changes that have occurred in the patients disease. Eventually, the caregiver is responsible for all of the following: makeshift remedies, negotiating impossible requests and insults, financial responsibilities, shopping and cooking, dressing, and bathing. This can cost a caregiver tens of thousands of dollars a year (Shenk, 2001). There are currently two drugs to aid in the treatment of Alzheimers disease. These drugs are only effective during the first couple years of the disease. The drugs are called Cognex and Aricept. Both of these drugs work by increasing a chemical in the brain that works with memory. They do not cure the disease, but they do produce some improvement in patients. In Kahns story (1998) a daughter of a patient was very pleased with Aricept, the reversal of her condition was remarkable. For over a year, I kind of got my mom back (p,18). This disease is obviously a horrible one. It can rip a family apart, and there is nothing that can be done about it. Hopefully, one day a cure will be found, but in the mean time, Alzheimers disease has total control over a person who is afflicted with it. It also has control over the family of the person afflicted with it. Almost everyone in this country has some sort of tie to this disease, and this is why more research should be done in hopes of finding a cure. ReferencesKahn, C. (1998, November, 8). New drugs and hope for Alzheimers patients. Parade Magazine, 16-19. National Institute on Aging. (1995). Alzheimers Disease Fact Sheet. RetrievedOctober 22, 2001, from the World Wide Web: http://www.alzheimers.org/pubs/adfact.htmlShenk, D. (2001, November-December). The War on Alzheimers. My Generation, 15-20. St. George-Hyslop, P.H. (2000). Words/ Pages : 3,142 / 24

Tummy Tuck free essay sample

Whether you’re a male or a female Age, hormones, high protein diets and other factors can result in centralized fat in the abdomen. Abdominoplasty, also known as a â€Å"tummy tuck,† is a cosmetic procedure performed to eliminate excess skin, remove fat and fat cells from the abdomen, as well as tighten the underlying muscles in the stomach to create a firm abdomen. The removal of a large part of lower abdominal skin requires that the belly-button be surgically reconstructed as well. An unfit abdomen is due to a number of factors not only due to extra fat. Stretching of tissues and muscles in the stomach, having problems with elasticity in the skin and having excess skin can cause your abdomen to appear weak and out of shape. A Tummy Tuck can be done for a person of any age but ideal candidates are people who have lost elasticity to their skin with age and women whose pregnancies have stretched out the muscles in their abdominal wall. We will write a custom essay sample on Tummy Tuck or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women who plan on having a tummy tuck should be comfortable that they are done having children to avoid re-stretching of the muscles. Men as well can be candidates for abdominoplasty in cases of dramatic weight loss, creating loose skin. Men and Women that lack exercise or are non-responsive to exercise can build up the â€Å"spare tire† look in which they may benefit from a tummy tuck as well. When planning a tummy tuck, you must consider a few things. Like any other surgical procedure, there are risks and pre-cautions that must be taken into account. Good communication with your surgeon is key to preparing you for your surgery. Dieting, smoking, alcohol intake and other individual habits must be taken into consideration and discussed with your doctor. Time is important when considering a tummy tuck. Make sure you have planned enough time to recover and you have family or friends that may be available if you need them. All types of surgeries have risks to some measure. Some risks of having a tummy tuck include, infection, excessive bleeding, prolonged scarring (mainly due to smoking amp; 2nd hand smoke), skin loss and blood clots. (Discuss all the complications with your surgeon). A Tummy Tuck can be done for a person of any age but it is most frequently done on women who have had children and do not plan on having more. It is also regularly performed on people who have lost all of the weight they planned to lose. You must be a healthy individual with no severe medical conditions. (Set up a consultation with a surgeon to see if your health issues contradict with having this procedure). Pain, swelling (due to the removal of tissue) and bruising after your surgery can vary on the individual but those post-op effects are normal. A compression garment is given to the person to wear directly after the surgery for 4-7 weeks. A Tummy Tuck does not replace exercise and diet, those things essential to living a healthy lifestyle, but it certainly is a booster to those who want to start getting back into shape and is a quicker way to retrieve your previous figure or achieve the shape you’ve always wanted. Your goal is just an appointment away, call for a consultation to get started!

The Nature and Mission of the Church in the Twenty

Night Essays - Holocaust Literature, Night, Elie Wiesel, Free Essays

Night Essays - Holocaust Literature, Night, Elie Wiesel, Free Essays Night Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. -Elie Wiesel The Holocaust-the mass murder of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II. It was the unthinkable, the horrific murder of 6 million Jews and millions of civilians of different ethnic and racial backgrouds. It was average men entering the German army and turned into Nazis, cold-blooded killers. It was the connotation of Holocaust which became Night, by Elie Wiesel. This paints a picture, full of vivid imagery and truth, about the genocide of his own people. Elie witnesses the starvation, brutal beating, and eventual death of his friends, family, and fellow Jews. Wiesel, himself, survived Auschwitz, Buna, Buchenwald, and Gleiwitz, all German concentration camps, where atrocities such as cremation and murder hung thickly in the air like a heavy cologne. Born September 30, 1928, Eliezer Wiesel led a life representative of many Jewish children. Growing up in a small village in Romania, his world revolved around family, religious study, community, and God. Yet his family, community, and his innocent faith were destroyed upon the deportation of his village in 1944. One of the main topics in this book is how Elie, a boy of strong religious faith, along with many of his fellow jews, lose their faith in God due to the horrific effects of the concentration camps. Elie Wiesel lived his early childhood in the town of Transylvania, in Hungary, during the early 1940s. At a young age, Elie took a strong interest in Jewish religion, while he spent most of his time studying the Talmud. Eventually he makes aquaintances with Moshe the Beadle who takes Elie under his wing, and also instructs him more in depth of the ways of the Talmud and cabbala. Elie is taught to question God for answers through Moshes instruction. Moshe is sent away to a concentration camp, and upon his return, Elie finds that he has changed dramatically. This is a foreshadowing of what will become of Elies faith in the strength and power of God. Moshe had changed...He no longer talked to me of God or the cabbala, but only of what he had seen.(4) The first evidence of Elies loss of faith, is while he questions God during the selection process. This process is concerned with separating the young, strong, and healthy Jews, from the old, weak, sickly, and/or infants. The Jews were separated from their loved ones who were immediately sent to the crematory or burned in large fire pits. Elie says goodbye to his mother and sister, unknowing that it will be the last time that he will ever see them again. Many of his fellow Jews began to pray and recite the Kaddish, a Jewish prayer for the dead, with hopes to console their own grievances for the loss they had suffered. However, Elie questions, Why should I bless His name? The Eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All-Powerful and Terrible, was silent. What had I to thank Him for?(31) Elie witnesses a load of children being dumped into a pit of flames which he labels as the Angel of Death, and at this point, the diminishing effects of the first night of camp life are already taking a toll on Elies religious faith and personal self-worth. The final deterioration of Elies idea of God, where he renounces all belief in His existence, is during the funeral of 3 Jewish males who were hanged the day before. One of whom was a child, so mere in weight, whom struggled amidst the others for over an hour before death came to take him. Here the reader can sense the collosal loss that Elie is overcome by, having spent the majority of his childhood seeking salvation only to come to realize it was all

God is Just Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

God is Just - Essay Example The adverts of the latter view tend to believe in fun and joy as the main essence of life (â€Å"Teleological Arguments for God's Existence†). Thus, conventionally, four chief arguments related to the existence of God emerged: 1) the cosmological argument; 2) the teleological argument; 3) the ontological argument; and 4) the moral law argument. The present article deals with teleological argument. It is popularly known as "the argument from design" (Greek meaning of telos is design). According to this argument, the universe confirms the presence of complex life forms, from tiniest creatures to the biggest animals and plants; everything is in a perfect order being inter-linked; moreover, no one modulates these living beings but they are self-modulated in a perfectly controlled manner. The designer or creator has created life forms in a simplistic manner and, therefore, He must be a perfect and well co-ordinated planner to make this world run so smoothly maintaining the harmoniz ation, dexterity and a perfect balance of complex life forms. Thus, there must be a premeditated and decree brainpower behind these synchronizations, here emerges a belief that a force is certain beyond the nature and it is something supernatural! (â€Å"Teleological Arguments for God's Existence†). ... According to William Paley, heavenly bodies wander with perfect accuracy in their fixed paths and orbits. Every living organism possesses a complex life form structure meeting various metabolic processes and their requirements every fraction of second. These intricacies just happen and it is solely the creation of God (â€Å"Teleological Arguments for God's Existence†). Besides, there are individuals called Agnostic who raise the next question: "If God is all-powerful and all-forgiving, why must he send his son to die for his sins. Couldn't God just forgive the sins without sending his son down in human form to die? So what, so God dies for a few hours, how does that in any way forgive a sin...?† God has made us follow the path of truth. There’s a fear of punishment that is deep seated in minds of those who practice truth in every aspect of life, who are honest and do what is right, do justice and stay away from committing sinful acts, such as robbery, theft, murd er or abuse of any kind (â€Å"Good Question...Why Can't God Just Forgive Sin, Instead of Demanding Justice?†) . Although these arguments could convince millions, in the present scenario of rapid science development (with the conception of the evolution of life and various life forms, evolution of planets and the universe, forces behind each movement, theories, interpretations and explanations about the happenings taking place in the universe) teleological arguments are taken to some different path. According to the present arguments, spotlight lies on the fact of "fine-tuning" of the universe to support life. This is an objection to the Paley’s view as the present opposition is based on the theory of evolution and, hence, the aforementioned arguments are less

Descartes - A Piece of Wax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Descartes - A Piece of Wax - Essay Example There are many principles which create certain thought which will lead us to conclude something that is usually consistent and powerful. We guide our lives by these thoughts and ideas. And much of this comes about because of our faculties, which allows us to sense things in different magnitudes. Our five senses can lead us to believe in things that may fail us. During Descartes’ second meditation, he decides that everything he sees is not really there. What our eyes perceive may be a result of what the world has labeled to be real. But what our minds observe, gives us greater insight into the world around us. II. Our Mind’s Observations The observation of the world around Descartes has caused him to take a step back and view his life in a different manner. He creates doubt within his own mind because without doubt, he holds that one is naive in their thinking. Doubt allows for reflection and with reflection comes the knowledge of what needs to improve and how one may go about with the improvement. Without doubt, life in itself is blissful. The doubt that Descartes experiences is so powerful that he feels he can’t just forget what he is thinking. He has to act upon this new found doubt and get to the root of the problem. III. Doubt and Certainty For Descartes, the root of the problem is not doubt. Part of Descartes meditation lends closer towards finding out what is being doubted and he states that he will not rest until his longing to find what is certain is satisfied. He is so adamant to find a solution that he is willing to compromise. That compromise is him relinquishing all rights to finding what is certain and being ok with the fact that nothing may be certain in the end. Certainty is not guaranteed. In much of Descartes writings he makes arguments that cause one to think about their existence, the purpose of their existence and the end result. Observing a piece of wax lends towards his argument on the fact that the mind is more certai nly known than the body due to perception. He says that all knowledge of external objects, including his body, could be false as a result of a demon. However, the idea that his mind exists cannot be a deception because his nature is not just made up of the body but also of a thinking thing. He says that even the corporal objects such as his own body is known more distinctly through the mind due to how the mind perceives what is in front of it. IV. Perception’s Relativity Perception is key to knowledge. Such is the idea of wax that Descartes was vehemently focusing on during his second meditation. As the wax melts, he believes that our minds begin to perceive its matter differently. Our mind realizes that the purpose of the wax has changed and can no longer be used in the way that the world has previously dictated. The properties create a new and yet meaningful definition that only our intellect can comprehend. Though the property of the wax may have changed, it now lends to a new purpose but keeps the same name. Our minds know and understand that regardless of the property the wax may be in during a particular state, it still is and will always be a piece of wax. Descartes claims that we know this

Parenting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Parenting - Coursework Example In my local park, I did made observations of how different parents interacted with their children. Some did this really well, while others did this poorly. There were two major incidences of parent-child interactions, which struck me the most. One was a case of good parent-child interaction, and the other was one of a poor parent-child interaction. In the first instance in my local park, there was a mother and his son. This was a boy, who was close to seven years of age, while his mother seemed to be in her early thirties. These two were relaxing, lying down, after having had some fun in the park. At some point, the young boy saw another family eating ice cream, so he asked his mother to buy ice cream for the two of them too. The mother ignored, but the boy persisted to ask her. This angered his mother, and she started yelling at the young boy. â€Å"You want ice cream, you are already fat, and ugly like your daddy. You want to get fatter and uglier? Do not be a loser, like your dad dy. And please, leave your mommy alone, she needs some peace.† The boy covered his face immediately, and started crying, calling her mother. This gave me the impression that the mother was interacting inappropriately with her son. Yelling at the young boy, calling him fat and ugly, and comparing the young boy to his father, was so wrong for a mother to do to her young son. In the second scenario, I observed a father and his daughter, having some good father-daughter time. The daughter was about five years of age, beautiful and playful. The father appeared to be in his late twenties. These two were playing around, laughing, and generally having fun. Suddenly, the young girl saw an airplane up in the sky. She stopped running and told her dad how much she loved planes, and that she wanted to fly one in future. The father smiled at her broadly, and told her that she was as smart as him and her mother, and that he will support her fully, to ensure she achieves her dream of being a pilot. â€Å"You are a smart girl, and nothing can stop you from achieving your dreams in life,† the father told his daughter. The little girl was impressed, and hugged her father, thanking him, and telling him how he is the best father in the world. This was a beautiful thing to me, and I thought that this was a perfect father-daughter interaction. When I become a parent, I will interact with my child on different levels and in various situations. The people, who will observe me interacting with my child, will judge me differently. I am thinking of a scenario where I am at the mall with my child, doing some shopping. Maybe I have bought my baby some candy, but she insists on having more. I refuse to grant her wish by not buying her more candy. When she starts crying in the mall, I calm her down, and explain to her why too much candy is not healthy for her. I give her the health risks of too much candy and other sweet snacks, and junk food in general. She then cools down, and we get out of the mall, without her having the number of candies she wanted. In this case, people who would have observed us would have different views and judgment of how I treated my daughter. Some would think that as a parent, I did the right thing by denying my daughter more candy, because of its health risks. To them, this means I want the best for my daughter, and that I care much about her health, and well-being. On the other hand, some would consider me a mean parent. To them, a parent should not make

Overview Of The Communication Process Information Technology Essay

Overview Of The Communication Process Information Technology Essay Communication is a learned skill. We must learn to speak as well and communication effectively even most of us are born with the physical ability to talk. There are various ways to understanding the verbal and nonverbal meanings thru our speaking, learning and ability skill. We learn the basic communication skill by observing other people and modeling our behaviors based on what we see. We also taught some communication skill through education, by practicing skill and having them evaluated. In simple terms, communication can be defined as an action. Communication not only in written form or oral, even a gentle touch or a knowing look can also communicate a message loud and clear, as can an angry slap or a hard push. Take an example: babies communicate basic wants through crying. It does not include language and dont have to be vocalized. It is just a simple transmit information from one person to another person. It must have a message that being transferred from sender to receiver in every instance of communication. The sender and receiver must have some words, signs o signals in common with each other to make sure for the communication to be success so that message can easy to deliver and understood. Communication is also a two-way interaction between to parties to transmit information and mutual understanding between themselves. The interchange of information from one party to another is best when a discussion available, it can makes the communication easier because the receiver can ask questions and receive answer to clarify the massage. 1.1 Communication Process The communication process is the guide toad realizing effective communication. Effective communication leads to understanding, it is also opportunities to become more productive if that follow the communication process. Sender and the receiver take place in the sharing through the communication process. Communication process is a set of steps that will undertaken in an organization while every time formal communication. It is helps to ensure that your stakeholders are kept regularly informed. The communication process is made by four key of components. Those components include encoding, channel, decoding, and feedback. Sender and the receiver are also the two other factors in the process. The communication process begins by the sender and ends with the receiver. Noise in the communication process is any kind of interruption which can disturb the communication. 1.1.1 Sender (encoder) Sender is the boss who release the message originated. The sender must stat to encoding in order to convey meaning. You also need to be confident in the information that you communicate is useful and accurate. A positive attitude of the communicators and the meaningful symbols select by the communicators are the factor that will determine how effective the communicator will be. 1.1.2 Encoding Encoding is the process that transferring the information you want, and correctly decoded at the other end with the form of communicated. Ability of convey information clearly and simply, eliminate and anticipate sources of confusion will deeply affected whether success or not of your encoding. Knowing your audience is a important key part of encoding, result in delivering messages will be misunderstood if your are failure to understand who you are communicating with. 1.1.3 Channel (medium of transmit) Channel means use to convey the message with non-verbal and verbal interaction. The sender uses some kind of channel to begin transmit their message. The effectiveness of the different types of channels fluctuates depend the characteristic of the communication. Most channels are letters, memos, emails, reports, meeting, telephone and videoconferencing. There are different strengths and weaknesses of different channel. For example, oral communication channel become more effective when immediate feedback is necessary, because it can be cleared up on the spot of an uncertainties. So that select the appropriate channel will greatly assist in the effectiveness of receivers understandings. 1.1.4 Decoding Decoding is performed in receiver side in the communication process. Decoding is once the message is received and examined, the stimulus is sent to the brain for interpreting, in order to assign some type of meaning to it. The receiver will correctly interprets the senders message is the communication takes place successful. 1.1.5 Receiver (decoder) Receiver is the person who simply receiving the message. Communication will only successful when the reaction of the receiver is that which the communicator intended. All the interpretation by the receiver is influenced by their knowledge, perception, attitudes, experiences, skill, and culture. It is actually similar to the senders relationship with recoding. 1.1.5 Feedback Feed back is the reply we receive to the message sent. It may a request for further clarification, a responses oral or written feedback, and undesirable decision or a detailed report. The sender cannot confirm whether the receiver has interpreted the message correctly or not without feedback. It also provides an opportunity for the sender to avoid the wrong action and to clarify a misunderstood message. 1.1.6 Noise Any things will interfere the understanding of communication also called as noise. In this instance, the message was not properly constructed and hence the secretary did not understand it as intended by the sender.  In any way, noise is any stimulus that will be interferes with the communicators ability to achieve the understanding. The ways to ensure the intended audience to receive right message A good communication skill can ensure the intended audience to receive the right message and it can reduce the misunderstood on message receiver. There have some effective ways to ensure the intended to get a right message: Completeness: The message must be complete to bring the desirable result. You must understand what is the reader wants or needs and you must also provide all the necessary information to answer the entire question. You can also give some extra information when desirable. Comprehensive and Conciseness: Eliminate the wordy expression, must avoid needless filter words and phrase. Inside the communication, you must include the only relevant materials, dun want include any un-relevant information to confuse the message receiver. Concreteness: Add the flashed word picture, made facts vivid into the communication. Try to add some specific facts and figure try to attractive the message receiver. Some more can put the action into your verbs. Clarity: when communication to someone, make sure u are clear about your goal or message. Try to minimize the number of ideas in each sentence. Make sure your sentence is easy to understand your meaning. Correct: Make you are fits to your audience when you are in communication. Conclusion You have to apply a communication process if you wish to communicate formally within an organization. The communication process is the perfect guide toward to achieve an effective communication. Certain barriers may present in the communication process and it may bring the negative impact on the process. By the way, you can get the feedback on the communication which have take place and it can be entre that future communication are improve. Successful and effective communication within an organization stems from the implementation of their communication skill if they follow the communication process. All members within the organization will avoid the barriers and can be improved. Communication skill is important because it can avoid the wrong message you send or receive. 2.0 Introduction A good communication between the firms and the customer is quite important. It may direct influence the popularity of the product. So there are important on which kind of advertising will you choose to promo your business. Select a right media for one to send out your message is an important step to developing your sales and marketing plan. The right media for one business may be wrong for another. Dubway is going to launch at Ipoh area. Dubway is an American restaurant, primarily they sells sandwiches, salads, and personal pizza. Target market of Dubway at Ipoh will be the people who wake up early can hope to buy a healthy breakfast quickly. As the product manager of the first Dubway of Ipoh, Im choosing the methods, the mediums and the vehicles that i would use to communicate with our target audience to persuade them to buy our product. 2.1 Advertising medium Advertising medium is the media variable to carries the advertisers message to the consumer. This is the vital connection between the product or services and the customer who willing to buy it. Usually a plural term of media is describing channel of mass communication. A common advertising media will be magazine, radio, television and newspaper. Example of other communication vehicles: direct mail, billboard, transit inflatable, blimps, balloons, interactive, fax and satellite. 2.1.1 Print Media Print media is the most effective way to disseminating the information of advertisement to the masses. Example of print media: newspaper, flyer, brochure and magazine. An advertisement in print media can reach a wide number of people in a given geographic to get the information because it is high reader involvement. In general, print media is a slightly better opportunities to catch the readers attention. But it will be not effective if your advertisement in a not obvious page or design. 2.1.2 Electronic Media Electronic media is the mode of electronic transmission. Its include television, radio, internet, CD-ROMs, DVD, cinema and etc. Electronic media of internet are unlimited distribution at little or no cost. These are also in a lower barrier to entry for content creators compared to traditional media. It can also let the huge number of people to get the information. It also provided the creativeness for the firms who want to make an advertisement. 2.1.3 Transmit Media Transmit media can be defined as a out-door media. Its may include the bus, cab, airplane with the advertisement poster, a balloon with the brand name and color or etc. But this kind of advertisement cant transmit the detail of information to the consumer. 2.2 Dubway advertising thru newspaper Dubway will choose to advertising about their information in newspaper. There are few advantage of advertise on newspaper: A reasonable cost when the firms make an advertisement in newspaper. They can also depend the price or the structure of their firms, their budget to decide the advertisement size and placement within the newspaper. This is the cost effective advertisement, its allows you to reach a huge number of people in a given geographic area. Advertisement through newspaper let the firm enjoy the high effectiveness but lower cost compare with other advertising media for example: television and magazine. Advertisement at newspaper also can unlimited exposure by firms, readers can go back to your message again and again if so desired. Usually take an advertisement at newspaper, they will free help in creating and producing and copy is usually available. Newspaper also a quick turn-around to helps the firm advertisement reflect the changing market conditions. The advertisement of firm will decide to run today can be in the customers hand in one to two days. 2.3 Dubway advertisement Dubways main product will be the sandwich. Dubway uses Eat Fresh as their slogan and there are explain how the every sandwich freshly and baked dough. Each sandwich also made by the fresh ingredients and they are exact specification in front of their customer. Now a days, most people are take care about their healthy, fast food may put into the list of rubbish food in majority people who so care about their health. So that the concept of Dubway is try to change the opinion of the people. Eat fresh be the slogan of Dubway, it try to let the people who can enjoy the healthy, full of nutrient, fast and nice food. They have a lot of choices at Dubway such as steak and cheese sandwich, meatball sandwich, roast beef sandwich, turkey breast and ham sandwich and etc. Coca-cola, Pepsi, Coffee and etc drinks also available at Dubway. Any photo makes customer has their choice to decide what flavor they likes, then, these photo should be colorful and looks freshness. However, these photos supposed to be attractive from customer. Use some of words to advertise such as eat fresh, that compare with McD or KFC will be more attractive. Because of customer prefer the food freshness. some more the name of every flavor let customers have their easier. Eat fresh this slogan is to obviously promo the product with the fresh ingredient. The nine picture of sandwich is the most popular order from customer. 2.4 Conclusion Advertising is one for the important things that present product or services of the firms. Advertising helps to keep the consumer informed about the any new product are available and trying to make a connection to the potential consumer. It helps to spread awareness about product or services that are use to consumer and potential buyers. In a successful business, advertising play an essential and important role. Advertising can increase the sales of product and service. In other way, advertising also increase the popularity of your product or services.

Raymond Carver Essay

Raymond Carver was a short story writer who was born in the Pacific Northwest. He was a textbook editor, lecturer and teacher while writing. His stories featured some of his trademarks of, alcohol, poverty, and people in real life situations. Carver was influenced to write about these trademarks through experiences he had lived and influences that were brought upon him, like alcoholism and divorce. Raymond Carver and his father were alcoholics and had both been divorced and remarried through out their lives which is why alcohol, divorce, and fading love are some of the biggest themes he incorporates in his stories. Raymond Carver also expresses puzzlement about the odd and battered condition of love in his profound themes. Specifically in his two short stories, â€Å"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love† and â€Å"Popular Mechanics.† As a writer Carver always tried to add some aspect of intensity or menace in his work. He was known as a literary minimalist because he likes to shorten sentences by removing words or phrases. This writing technique he uses creates a sense of uncertainty in the sentences and leaves the reader guessing. Minimalist writers like Carver, won’t tell you exactly what to think through their diction, instead, they leave their work open ended so the reader can participate in the interpretation of the story and fill in the blank themselves. Carver even says in one of his books called â€Å"Fires†: â€Å"I like it when there is some sense of menace in short stories†¦. there has to be a tension, a sense that something is imminent†¦.† ( Fires 17). Carver creates that state of uncertainty in â€Å"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love† when the four characters are conversing amongst each other about love. Terri and Mel tell stories about their past marriages. Mel had a very demanding wife while Terri was involved with a guy that abused her. The conversation in the room gradually becomes quieter and quieter as they continue to talk about love and drink gin. Mel says to Terri: â€Å"Just shut up for once in your life, Mel said very quietly. Will you do me a favor and do that for a minute?† (What We Talk About 146) Sentences like these seem out of place in a conversation about love, and because of those lines Mel and Terri’s relationship seems unclear and uncertain. The entire story revolves around a certain speech or passage by Mel. As Mel drinks more and more the title of the story, â€Å"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love†, has more meaning and makes the reader and the characters think, just what do we talk about when we talk about love. Even though Mel is drunk when he says his speech, there is truth in his words: â€Å"What do any of us really know about love? Mel Said. ‘It seems to me we’re just beginners at love†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Am I wrong? Am I way off base? Because I want you to set me straight if you think I’m wrong. I want to know. I mean, I don’t know anything, and I’m the first one to admit it.† (What We Talk About 144-145) Fred Moramarco, a professor at San Diego State University, wrote an article called â€Å"Carver’s Couples Talk About Love† and said: â€Å"When I read this passage in my class, my Southern California students, nearly all of them from families that have experienced divorce, both understand it and are bewildered by it simultaneously. Which is to say they recognize it as the contemporary world they live in, a world of serial relationships where one year’s love is the next year’s courtroom adversary.† (Carver’s Couples Talk About Love-Moramarco) This article is beneficial in explaining and showing how relationships can be deceiving and not always straight forward. This is an other example of how Carver’s condition of love puzzled Moramarco’s students even when they understood it. Raymond Carver underlines the confusion about love with two motifs. He uses his structural element or symbolic structure in his story through things like alcohol and light. Carver uses a symbolic structure in his work that he excepts the reader to make sense of. He uses symbolic images like metaphors to help add to the interpreting the story. In the first paragraph of â€Å"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love† Carver says: â€Å"Sunlight filled the kitchen from the big window behind the sink.†(What We Talk About 137) Which is a symbolic comment because as the characters talk about their experiences with love the light that once filled the room is gone and the story ends with: â€Å"Not one of us moving, not even when the room went dark. (What We Talk About154) These lines show that as the characters keep drinking they start to think, and realize the complexity of love until they figure out that love is not as straight forward as they think. Carver again links alcohol and light when Nick says: â€Å"Maybe we were a little drunk by then. I know it was hard keeping things in focus. The light was draining out of the room, going back through the window where it had come from. Yet nobody made a move to get up from the table to turn on the overhead light.†(What We Talk About 152) The transient love that the characters experience is short and it makes them feel that they have arrived somewhere, but really they have not accomplished much. As the story progresses and the characters keep drinking, they talk more and more about love. Also as they talk about their experiences with love it becomes clear to them that they do not know as much about love as they thought they did. The stories conclusion hits the characters with a sense of reality. All the gin is finished and Nick and the readers hear the sound of four human hearts beating in the darkness: â€Å"I could hear my heart beating. I could hear everyone’s heart. I could hear the human noise we sat there making, not one of us moving, not even when the room went dark.† (What We Talk About 154) Raymond Carver uses the same symbolic structure in his short story, â€Å"Popular Mechanics.† In â€Å"Popular Mechanics† Carver uses great detail and many symbols to carry his theme that not all relationships end happily. He uses these things to bring out the theme of this depressing, but truthful story that many couples these days experience. Carver starts off the story with: â€Å"Early that day the weather turned and cars slushed by on the street outside, where it was getting dark. But it was getting dark on the inside too.† (Popular Mechanics 288) This line represents the relationship between the man and the woman. The line: â€Å"it was getting dark on the inside too† (Popular Mechanics 288), is representative of the feelings of the couple, which are changing from happiness to hatred and anger. He uses the same symbolic structure again when the weather outside is dark and he says: â€Å"But it was getting dark on the inside too.† Sentences like these make the reader believe that there is something wrong in the relationship. The details Carver uses helps the reader interpret so many images and help the reader piece together the big picture. Also it is very obvious to see that the man and women are unhappy just by their attitudes towards each other. The couple argues about who will take the baby to the point where they are both pulling on it. By showing the couple arguing immaturely, Carver tries to show that they are far from happy. He lets us know this through his extreme detail in his symbolic structure. It is essential to look for these symbolic elements to understand the meanings of Raymond Carver’s work. Carver is known for his minimal writing style, simplified language, and irregular plots. His writing style helps capture the experiences and emotions his characters face, which often include guilt, grief, hopelessness, and the effects of fading love. Also his common themes are a response to his history involving the influence of alcoholism and divorce with himself and his parents. In â€Å"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love† Carver hints puzzlement and confusion about love through his symbolic lines about alcohol and light, along with expressing the confusion more clearly through certain passages his characters say like Mel’s speech. However in â€Å"Popular Mechanics† Carver shows it by using great detail, symbols, and through the actions of his characters.

Good Writing Essay

You know it when you see it. It is not that hard to tell whether a piece of writing is good or bad, you just have to read it. And it is pretty important to be able to discern the difference, if you ask me. But things get more challenging if you have to explain why it is good. You might be called upon to write a report at school or you may fancy communicating your ideas online via a blog. And, of course, a well written CV with no spelling or grammatical mistakes is essential if you want a new job. Writing skills are an important part of communication and they have to be developed, since it is used in many areas of our daily life. Good writing allows you to communicate your message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversations. â€Å"If you want to write well†¦ read, read, and then read some more. Read good writing. Read bad writing. Learn to know the difference. Note for simplicity of style: noun, verb, object; noun, verb, object. It worked for Hemingway, who often said that his ultimate goal was to create the perfect sentence. Read some Hemingway, and not just his novels, but some of his early newspaper writing. There’s never been better news and feature writing, ever. When you read the works of these and other fine writers, notice the simplicity of their language and how they vary their sentence structure and length. Some sentences number two or three words; others run an entire paragraph. There are countless tips on writing well, but I leave you with this one: read first, then write. † –Bill Reed Therefore, you need to take into account the next steps to produce good writing (in no particular order): 1. Clarity and focus: in good writing, everything makes sense and readers don’t get lost or have to reread passages to figure out what’s going on. Focused writing sticks with the plot or core idea without running off on too many tangents. 2. Organization: a well-organized piece of writing is not only clear, it’s presented in a way that is logical and aesthetically pleasing. You can tell non-linear stories or place your thesis at the end of an essay and get away with it as long as your scenes or ideas are well ordered. 3. Ideas and themes: is the topic of your paper relevant? Does your story come complete with themes? Can the reader visualize your poem? For a piece of writing to be considered well crafted, it has to contain clearly identifiable ideas and themes. 4. Voice: this is what sets you apart from all other writers. It’s your unique way of stringing words together, formulating ideas, and relating scenes or images to the reader. 5. Language (word choice): we writers can never underestimate or fail to appreciate our most valuable tools — words. Good writing includes smart word choices and well-crafted sentences. 6. Grammar and style: many writers would wish this one away, but for a piece of writing to be considered good (let alone great), it has to follow the rules of grammar (and break those rules only when there’s a good reason). Style is also important in ensuring that a piece of writing is clear and consistent. Make sure you keep a grammar book and style guide handy. 7. Credibility or believability: nothing says bad writing like getting the facts wrong or misrepresenting oneself. In fiction, the story must be believable (even if it’s impossible), and in nonfiction, accurate research can make or break a writer. 8. Thought-provoking or emotionally inspiring: perhaps the most important quality of good writing is how the reader responds to it. Does she come away with a fresh perspective and new ideas? Does he close the cover with tears in his eyes or a sense of victory? How readers react to your work will fully determine your success as a writer. 9. Sentence Fluency that is smooth and expressive: Fluent sentences are easy to understand and fun to read with expression. 10. Use transitional expressions to help readers understand where your message is going. Common transitional expressions include therefore, consequently, however, then, first, next, and although. To have a good writing not only is necessary to not make mistakes, but to follow some steps to enrich the work. And to achieve that, you need to have qualities in terms of patience and organization. In other words, a good writing is a complicated process that takes time. But if you follow the guidelines that are set out it will be easy and successful. For that reason, is very important to practice writing. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Peha, Steve. Looking for Quality in Student Writing. Teaching That Makes Sense. 2003 . [ 2 ]. Writing Skills. SkillsYouNeed. 2012 . [ 3 ]. Reed, Bill. Developing Good Writing Skills. Academic Tips. 2008 . [ 4 ]. Donovan, Melissa. Eight Characteristics of Good Writing. Writing Forward. 2012 .

Stroop Lab Report Essays

Stroop Lab Report Essays Stroop Lab Report Paper Stroop Lab Report Paper The word Blue when presented in blue ink, on the other hand is an example of a congruent-colored word. Because the left hemisphere has demonstrated an overall advantage relative to the right hemisphere on most verbal tasks, interference effects were hypothesized to be greater in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere (Balancer Camino, 2002). Numerous studies have been made in hope to fully understand the Strop effect, yet several issues remain open. The primary purpose of this duty was to determine whether the Strop phenomenon is equally strong in both brain hemispheres. Participants collected from our research methods lab were asked to complete an online experiment measuring the time of interference it took them to depict the color of the ink of the color-words. Furthermore, each color was assigned a number. For example, the ink color red was represented by the number two. The color words were also randomly presented in the center, left, and right of the screen to measure our hypothesis, which stated that incongruent words presented to the left hemisphere exhibit greater Strop effect than when they are presented to the right hemisphere. Along with our second hypothesis stating that there is greater interference (Strop effect) when color words are incongruent with their presentation color. The Strop effect can be denoted through the time of interference that it takes to name the ink color of a word, varying in word position and word color. Several accounts have been made to explain the Strop effect. In Manacles model of the Strop there is a slight into that hemispheric effects might be present; in theory, hemispheric effects are expected to be superior in the left hemisphere. Methods Participants A total of 87 subjects (76 Female, 11 Male), drawn from students in two research method labs, took part in a mufti-experiment study and were given course credit as compensation. Independent variables that were tested include: L Congruent vs Non-congruent c Left-presentation vs Centered-presentation vs Right-presentation c Input method: Keypad (37 participants, lab 1) vs Keyboard (50 participants, lab 2) The pendent variable that was measured in the study was reaction time. Procedure Research participants were to complete at least 72 trials. Each trial measured the time of interference it took them to depict the color of the ink of the color-words. Furthermore, each color was assigned a number. For example, the ink color red was represented by the number two. Each trial began with a plus sign, serving as a focal point on the computer screen. Research participants were to press a key when they were ready for a word to be presented. Following the key press was random delay of about 1 to 4 seconds before the word appears. Words then appeared written vertically on the screen for a fixed time. Four color words were used: red, blue, green and yellow. Words were randomly printed in a word-color congruent form or non-congruent form appearing at any of three positions (left, center, and right).

Potsdam conferance in 1945 essays

Potsdam conferance in 1945 essays Last conference was set in Potsdam in 1945. President Churchill, Truman and Joseph Stallen attended this conference. President Truman didnt like the Soviet and soviet didnt like the Truman. They all met at Potsdam for finalizing plan for Europe. They have solved many objectives during this conference. Their first objective was Division of Germany. Second objective was the Iran and Greece. At Potsdam their first objective was division of Germany. They didnt know how to divide and who gets what but finally they come with solution. Germany was divided in half, east and west. West will be occupied by U.S, England and France and east will be occupied by Soviet Union. They will divide city of Berlin. U.S, England and France started to rebuild East Germany. On the west side Soviet start stealing everything they can put their hand on. They stole rail road, industries everything. They start destroying East Germany. Russian thought U.S was rebuilding West Germany to attack on Russia. First conference took place in Iran. Iran shares the common border with Soviet Union. Iran also had natural gas that interested Soviet Union. On early stage Iran was with the Germany. During the WWII the threat was Iran will supply oil to Germany and keep the war going. So U.S and Soviet sanded troops to Iran and stop the oil transportation. They took over it. After war they suppose to draw their troops out. Soviet didnt draw their troops out. U.S draws their troops out. Soviet wanted to see what U.S will do to stop taking over Iran. U.S force Soviet to draw their troops out of Iran. Soviet saw this as threat. They thought that U.S was rebuilding around Soviet to attack on Soviet. There was another problem begin in Greece and Turkey. Turkey was neutral during the war but it had many economical problems. It shared common border with Russia. Greece was occupied by Germany during Second World War. In 1944 Soviet agree ...

Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Autobiography - Essay Example After witnessing my grandmother’s near-death experience and her recovery to normal life, I knew that the human body fascinated me. I wanted to be the oncologist who helped get my grandmother’s health back on track. I wanted to help bring back smiles to people’s faces through influencing their health conditions. My clinical shadowing and research experience has helped affirm my dream of becoming a doctor. This experience has assisted me in learning how tender and caring one should be towards patients. I have learned that devotion is key to becoming successful in the medical profession. I have learned to experience the joy one gets at seeing patients recover. The experience further widened my eyes on how detailed the human body is, and how perfectly careful one has to be when dealing with it. I got to be part of two research activities through this experience; a clinical and laboratory research. Forming part of the clinical research helped me to gain two mentors wh o were the two head doctors of the research. They guided me on the road they undertook towards achieving their work as doctors. The clinical research further enlightened me on the effort, dedication, and the love that a team of doctors put towards assisting a community. The clinical research also helped me to consolidate my academic goals. I became interested in attaining a master in public health during the gap year after medical school. The laboratory research experience helped me to understand how to follow specific protocols.

Marketing Group Report (My part) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Group Report (My part) - Essay Example Serco also provides other services such as capital management, enterprise management and transportation. It is further characterized by function. Function of services offered by Serco belongs to being a leading provider of professional, technology and management services to the federal government. It has provided services to every branch of the US. military, numerous federal civilian agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security and the intelligence community. (Serco) Marketing mix is also concerned with product appearance, and since Serco provides services, its appearance is the kind of service it provides to customers. By this, Serco’s appearance is through its services in managing people, processes, technology and assets. Another component of marketing mix is price. Serco competes in bidding process and prices are determined by bids. Generally, in a bidding process, awards are given to lowest bidder, meaning Serco has maintained a competitive price as it has maintained government contracts. Other options in pricing are partnership and joint ventures which Serco has entered into with government agencies and private clienteles. Marketing mix also considers the place or channels of distribution and market coverage. In this, Serco Inc. is an international organization providing services worldwide. It is listed as top 100 FTSE international service company. Promotion is another aspect of marketing mix that includes personal selling, advertising, public relations and media. There is very little information gathered about promotion except that it is publicly listed in the stock exchange. As a prominent figure in the exchange, its operation and financial performances are constantly being watched by stockholders who are always interested in investment returns. Marketing strategies of the company are first, to build a balanced portfolio by spreading across markets, to reduce the company’s exposure to risks

What is International Political Economy Assignment

What is International Political Economy - Assignment Example With respect to international political economy, the world is presumed to be very complicated and has several interdependencies among individuals, social groups or maybe nations. Initially, different kinds of elites gave constant reminders why everywhere across the world was actually interdependent for each other. However, all the current relevant issues faced by nations are related in one way or another to the international political economy making it very versatile in dealing with issues across the borders. Politically, international political economy focuses on the use of state powers in the distribution of resources within the society. Politics has been known to have a norm of collective choice characterized by competition, which draws conflicts amongst different people, trade organizations, governmental and non-governmental internationally. Comparatively, economics is just concerned with the distribution of resources which are otherwise considered scarce amongst the nations, peo ple or states through the market process controlled by the forces of politics (Rowland 108). It is considered very essential to engage in the study of international political economy since it helps in the understanding of crucial international market events to analyze the conditions of their existence and how to manage the situations, which has led to such conditions. More to the point, it is considered as a vital element by both private and public employers during recruitment since it becomes very easy while dealing with somebody who understands international and global context of human activities especially for those who have communication links across the borders. Moreover, international political economics broadens the understanding of life in relation to human beings across the globe. It also helps to understand the vents of the past, current and make projections about the future (Rowland 108). One of the major political values enjoyed by both the

Compare and Contrast the Reasons Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast the Reasons Essay Suppose you are taking a course on 19th-century America, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: Compare and contrast the reasons why the North and South fought the Civil War. You turn on the computer and type out the following: The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different. This weak thesis restates the question without providing any additional information. You will expand on this new information in the body of the essay, but it is important that the reader know where you are heading. A reader of this weak thesis might think, What reasons? How are they the same? How are they different? Ask yourself these same questions and begin to compare Northern and Southern attitudes (perhaps you first think, The South believed slavery was right, and the North thought slavery was wrong). Now, push your comparison toward an interpretation—why did one side think slavery was right and the other side think it was wrong? You look again at the evidence, and you decide that you are going to argue that the North believed slavery was immoral while the South believed it upheld the Southern way of life. You write: While both sides fought the Civil War over the issue of slavery, the North fought for moral reasons while the South fought to preserve its own institutions. Now you have a working thesis! Included in this working thesis is a reason for the war and some idea of how the two sides disagreed over this reason. As you write the essay, you will probably begin to characterize these differences more precisely, and your working thesis may start to seem too vague. Maybe you decide that both sides fought for moral reasons, and that they just focused on different moral issues. You end up revising the working thesis into a final thesis that really captures the argument in your paper: While both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought against tyranny and oppression, Northerners focused on the oppression of slaves while Southerners defended their own right to self-government. Compare this to the original weak thesis. This final thesis presents a way of interpreting evidence that illuminates the significance of the question. Keep in mind that this is one of many possible interpretations of the Civil War—it is not the one and only right answer to the question. There isnt one right answer; there are only strong and weak thesis statements and strong and weak uses of evidence. Lets look at another example. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twains novel Huckleberry Finn. This will be easy, you think. I loved Huckleberry Finn! You grab a pad of paper and write: Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel. Why is this thesis weak? Think about what the reader would expect from the essay that follows: you will most likely provide a general, appreciative summary of Twains novel. The question did not ask you to summarize; it asked you to analyze. Your professor is probably not interested in your opinion of the novel; instead, she wants you to think about whyits such a great novel—what do Hucks adventures tell us about life, about America, about coming of age, about race relations, etc.? First, the question asks you to pick an aspect of the novel that you think is important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write: In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore. Heres a working thesis with potential: you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation; however, its still not clear what your analysis will reveal. Your reader is intrigued, but is still thinking, So what? Whats the point of this contrast? What does it signify? Perhaps you are not sure yet, either. Thats fine—begin to work on comparing scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Hucks actions and reactions. Eventually you will be able to clarify for yourself, and then for the reader, why this contrast matters. After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write: Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twains Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave civilized society and go back to nature. This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Orlistat :: Obesity Science Pills Papers

Orlistat In today's world, people are turning more and more to the use of Pharmaceuticals to solve their problems or to improve their health. Drugs are beingused to treat everything from hair loss to impotency. There is a new pill being developed todayto treat the problems that people face due to obesity. Orlistat, which goes by the brand name Xenical, was invented and developed by Hoffman-La Roche Inc. Headquartered in Nutley, NJ, Hoffman-La Roche is an affiliate of the company known as Roche of Basel, Switzerland. This company wants to remind us that obesity is not just a cosmetic concern anymore but is associated with a risk for other life-threatening diseases. Many people are realizing this fact now and wish to do something about their weight problems before it becomes too late. The new pill is being advertised on television, magazines, newspapers, anthe Internet as a wonder drug that helps people take off the pounds and keep them off. Heart Information groupsalso claim that the drug reduces obesity-related risk factors, such as heartdisease, stroke, high blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and insulin levels. Orlistat claims to be a replacement for the diet drug Fen-phen, which was linked to heart valve damage. One man who took part in the longest and largest study ever done with this drug says, "In my adult life, I've always been 20 to 40 pounds overweight. It has always been a problem for me." He was able to drop 21 pounds and keep them off for two years by using orlistat along with maintaining a healthy diet. One can find numerous testimonies such as this one in magazines or on the world wide web. But just how effective is this drug and is it safe for those who use it? The appeal of orlistat to people who wish to use it is that is a new and safe approach to managing obesity. The safety of the drug is its most attractive feature because it is not absorbed into the body. Instead of reducing appetite as most diet drugs do, orlistat works as a lipase inhibitor, which means that it blocks intestinal absorption of fat by locking onto the enzyme in the gut that allows fat to pass across the intestinal wall. Only the fat is blocked, allowing proteins and carbohydrates to be absorbed.

Methods of Personnel Development Essay

1. Introduction Successful personnel development is necessary to help and organization to acquire a competitive edge in the market. A well trained and competent workforce and help and organization cut a competitive edge in the market which the competing organizations may find hard to replicate the long run.   Efficient methods of personnel development are necessary for the success of the organization. Personnel have become an important concern for all managers in all industry.   This has been promoted by the problems which have been experienced in hiring of personnel who can meet the required standards to deliver the needed services.   The current strategic human resource management has recognized employees as the most important asset that an organization has. In this regard it has become of paramount important for organization to carry out effective staff development programs which are likely to meet the required work standards.   There has been increasing for the organization to carry out effective individual training programs which will meet the demands of their customers.   When most organization have been emphasizing for the downsizing of their employee, it has become important for them to ensure that it effective training programs which will ensure there is overall growth. (Consulting, 2000) For an organization to ensure that there is effective growth of its workforce, employee training and development has become a priority rather than an option.   There are many organizations which have been carrying out training programs but which have not resulted to the required results.   Training and development  Ã‚   is usually an integral and an expensive part of the human resource department and therefore there should be all efforts aimed at ensuring that there is overall success of the exercise. Effective training and development programs are necessary in order to ensure that there is overall growth of the worker. The most important factor that can help the organization to carryout effective personnel development is to understand the goals of the organization and therefore work to achieve these goals.   The organization goal will assist the organization to come up with effective design and implementation of the organization. Efficient personnel development program are therefore necessary to ensure that the organization cuts a competitive edge in the market. (Jenning, 1996) 2. Success factors for training There are important factors in the overall development process that must be taken into consideration to have effective personnel development. The most important factor that the organizations need to realise in the design and implementation of personnel development is the mission and vision of the organization. This will help the management to become committed to the overall process of personnel development in the most efficient way.   The company should also evaluate the relative risk of exposure which is presented by the compliance requirement and therefore use this as an effective way of prioritizing the needs for planning training.   The management will also involve the key line representatives in order to design and implement train interventions. This means that training should be viewed as a way of helping the organization to remain competitive and not as a necessary evil.   The management should also be keep away of the focus of the training activities and the role  Ã‚   that the activities are intended to achieve and help the organization to achieve in its overall objectives. (Bowie and Jordan, 2001) There are important characteristic which are used to identify a successful training program.   The following are the common characteristics of a successful training in an organization;  · There should be a clear understating of the goals of the organization and the needs of all the line managers for training and development.   This means that   the training programs will be based on these key strategies which are likely to support the   goal of the organization  · There should be involvement of the key line personnel in the selection, design and the scheduling of training.  · The style for delivering the training program must focus on the adult learning concepts  Ã‚   including the relevant content of the course.  · The training activities should be seen as an integral part of the overall training place for the organization and not an individual or a one time event that will come and go.  · There should be a high accountability for the result which will justify the purpose for training.   There should be effective evaluation, measurement and a well organization reporting of the results of training.  · There should be frequent communication between the organization management and the person who are overseeing training program. This will ensure that there is overall support for the training programs and the enforcement of the training values. 3. In house vs. Third party training There are two broad methods which are used to deliver training programs.   These include the in-house training and the third party training program.   The organization is likely to choose the most efficient method that will ensure that there is delivery of the most efficient training program. In-house training will involve when an organization uses the instructor who are a part of the organization.   This employs will also be trained as they continue with their work which means there will less loss of time and the productivity for the organization will not be affected. However this method is likely to result to low employee expectation from the training program since they are likely to learn what they have been practicing. (Rouda and Kusy, 2005) The third party training take place when and organization brings in an extern expert. External experts are likely to come with new experience for the organization which will reinforce the development of the workforce.   Under this method the organization can also decide to take its staff for an external training program which will take place outside the organization.   This method is likely to be more effective since the staff will be expecting to learn new things from what they have been practicing in the organization. In the course of training there are different ways that can be used by the organization to source for training materials.   The organization can develop its own materials in the organization which will be in-house material development. The organizations can also source for material outside through purchase or leasing.  Ã‚   When the organization hires third party to come and training the staff, the conditions for hiring can also be that the third party will be expected to come with training materials. In order to select the best combination for the trainer and the program, the organization should be important consideration including the experience, time for development of the program, resources available, the money available for the program and the cost of the options, the expected quality, the training needs for the organization and the credibility of the method that will be used. 4. Program design The program design describes the way the overall training program will be planned.   Program design consist of   important   aspect of the training   including the conduction of the needs analysis for the   company, the prioritizing o the need in the training place, definition of the   course objectives to match the   training needs, and the selection of   the training formats that will be used in the   training program. a) Need analysis A need analysis is carried out in order to identify the  Ã‚   area in which the organization needs to carry out training.   The need analysis is the first step in determine the whole training program. The need analysis should be carried out comprehensively in order to understand the specific area under in which the training will emphasize. Usually a need analysis will come up with a long list of needs that the organization will have to look at. In need analyses there are three types of data that the trainer will have to collect. The pre-training behaviour will give the knowledge that the trainees have. The post training behaviour will give the expectation from the training that the organization wants to achieve through training.   The workplace reinforcement and constraints will give the factors for the job which can help or hinder the trainees in applying what they will have learned. (Jenning, 1996) b)    Course objectives This should identify the specific objectives that the training will achieve. Identification of the course objective is likely to increase the effectiveness of training and evaluation of needs assessment.   Basically three types of course objectives will have to be looked at. These include the planning objectives, the process objectives and the learning objectives.   This will help in the formatting of the training. c)    Training format There are different formats that can be used to deliver training.   The best format that an organization can choose is the one which will create a setting an environment which is most conducive to learn.   The format has to be flexible.   There are formal and informal training formats Informal training format will include format like one on one tutoring which   can be teem consuming but very effective,   use groups, discussion groups and   newsletters.   On the other hand formal training formats include formats like classroom training like lectures or demonstration, video or audio, computer based trailing, satellite training, teleconferencing, use of simulations, use of manuals, and on   job training.   The formal training methods have become most common used in organisational training since they are more effective and have been supported by the emerging technologies. (Consulting, 2000) d)    Program delivery This is the most important part in the training process. The way the training will be delivered is important in determining how it will be effective to achieve the goals of the training.   Delivery of training should be based on principle of adult learning since most of the employees who undergo training are adults.   There sold a proven adults-instructions practices rather than the traditional classroom delivery method which is likely to compromise the quality of training. e)    E-learning With the increased use of technology in the world, e-learning is also rising to be an important factor in the training programs. E-learning involves the process of delivering learning through the use of person computer. It is widely used in education institution but it is also fining it place in the employee training programs. In employee training e-learning has been providing an effective time saving method of learning as compared to other methods.   It is also easy to carry training from any part of the world can therefore can be used when an organisation choose third party training. However it is expensive since al the employees will need to have a computer. 5. How adults learn According to the learning theories, it has been shown that adults learn different from how children learn.   Unlike children, adults are likely to relate what they hear to their experience and the knowledge they have gathered over time.   Adults are also good listeners and will digest what they are listen.   This means that when training adults, one need to have all the facts to their fingers and ensure that they are correct as challenge can arise at any one time. (Consulting, 2000) According to the adult learning theories there are important factor that have to be considered when teaching them.   First it should be understood that adults are less interested in the overview, they are more interested in what they are learning. They need to be given examples which can help them to relate what they are learning with their real experience. Since they are more critical on what is delivery any information that is likely to contradict what they know should be delivered slowly and in an efficient manner. The training should assist them to make connections with what they already know.   The pace of training should also be suited for their mind. Fast training may prove difficult for them while a too slow training is boring.   The training should avoid trial and error ventures and should reinforce the learnt concept in their real life example. (Jenning, 1996) a)    Designing training experience for adults There are important principal that the trainers must consider when planning adult learning.   The structure of the workshop should take to consideration that adult learns usual need some feedback which is likely to mark their progress in training.   The usually learn best when their own experience is integrated in the learning process. They should be given opportunity to ask questions and interact to share experience.   The adult learners are responsible for their learning and they prefer to share with one another in the process.   This interaction must be given a chance.   Adults are likely to learn in an environment where there is mutual trust and respect for one another.   Adults learners must be motivate din order to feel the need to learn. This earns that they have to be shown the important of undergoing the training and how it is going to affect their job performance. b)    Classroom instruction In order to ensure that there is effectiveness of the training process, there are important characters and method that should be incorporated in the training. some of the   most important factors in training include the   inclusion of discussion breaks time which agreed with   all the participants, ensure that the participants are comfortable, state   clearly the objectives of the training, make a preparation of   the material to be used before the class being so that you can evaluate them, use training aids and establish rapports in the course of training, ensure that you don’t interrupt the   participate when they are contributing,   be yourself and more flexible in the course of the training, answer all the question asked and provide constant feedbacks to the participants. c) Documenting available training courses In order to keep up with the course of the training resources, it is important to keep written records as they have been learnt.   This will help the learners to remind themselves of what they have learned in the course of the training. This is also important as it will help the learners to understand what they have been learning and therefore keep up with the course of the training. It also helps the management to see the courses that are available. d)   Measuring and evaluating training effectiveness There had to be an effective way of evaluating the learning process in order to understand the effectiveness of the learning process. This is very critical since it will determine whether the organization is really meeting its objectives or not. It will help the organisation to understand the important steps that are being made in the course of the training. There are many methods of evaluation that is used in the course of the training. The most effective evaluation methods that are used include the use of smile sheet which is one of the five point evaluation which enquiries about the quality of the instructor and others, there is also the pre-test or post techs which is used to measure the increased in knowledge for the learners.   The presets will establish a baseline while the post test will confirm any improvement that is being made which can be directly attributed to the learning process. An observation can also be carried out on the specific performance of each individual including the trainer and the supervisor.   This will detect any changes in the work behaviour which can be directly attributed to the learning process.  Ã‚   Work performance can also e used as a method of evaluation. In this case work performance will look at the specific job tasks and performance indicators. These indicators are usually well defined and measured before and after training.

Progression In The Learning Of Addition And Subtraction Education Essay

IntroductionThis assignment will look into the patterned advance in the instruction and acquisition of add-on and minus from baby's room to twelvemonth 4 sing the â€Å" understanding diagram † , theoretical accounts for add-on and minus, oral/mental and written methods, resources used, larning facts and the utilizing and applying/problem work outing method. One manner that kids learn about add-on is through practical experience. In mundane life people are adding by uniting two or more sets of objects. The same can be said for minus. Children learn that by taking a peculiar figure of objects from a group it ever leaves the same figure of objects eg. 4-1 is ever 3. This is the manner kids foremost learn about add-on and minus. For many kids, they begin to understand the construct of adding when learn figure vocals in their early instruction. It is really of import to supply kids with good practical experiences in order to assist them larn. It is besides critical to pattern the right linguistic communication so the kids themselves are able to get it. This gives them a good foundation as they move farther through the instruction system. Whilst kids are in a Nursery scene or a Reception category they will be following the Early Years Foundation Stage ( EYFS ) papers. Within this papers there are 6 countries of acquisition. The country of larning concentrating on the development of mathematical accomplishments is called Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy. Within that country there are specific countries sing add-on and minus. Once kids enter Year 1 they will be following the National Curriculum. Although this is the statutory papers instructors frequently use the Primary National Strategies papers to be after and present lessons. This papers breaks down the aims of the National Curriculum to offer a more focused attack to learning and acquisition.Early Old agesThe instruction of add-on and minus in a baby's room scene is based on mundane state of affairss and practical activities. Counting vocals is a common manner of reenforcing Numberss and presenting simple add-on and minus. For illustration, five small ducks. This is a good illustration of a manner that simple add-on and minus is introduced and reinforced in a nursery scene. The kids shortly learn that 5 take off 1 is 4, that 4 take off 1 is 3 etc and that 0 add 5 is 5. The right linguistic communication can be modelled so the kids learn what linguistic communication to utilize when they do activities for themselves. Games are besides a good manner of presenting or reenforcing add-on and minus. Some games are non needfully made for add-on and minus but it can be encouraged. When inquiring the kids to compare the sum of Numberss each of them has, by inquiring the kids inquiries, ‘How many more do you hold? ‘ , ‘How many less do you hold? ‘ . The kids will be working with little Numberss and will shortly be able to state how many less they have merely by hearing the two Numberss alternatively of holding to number them. Simple boundaries within the schoolroom are another manner of promoting the usage of add-on and m inus. Where merely a certain sum of kids are allowed in each country at a clip and the kids have to maintain path of how many there should be, how many less or how many more? The foundation phase introductory battalion offers thoughts for activities for the different countries of larning set out in the EYFS. When looking at add-on and minus in a Nursery puting the papers offers activities for comparing two groups of objects, demoing that when you split a group of four the sum is the same and happening the entire figure of objects in two groups. Each of these activities uses physical objects in order to show the mathematical regulation. They use resources such as the figure line, plastic coins and serpents. For immature kids in peculiar good resources are indispensable in order to prosecute the kids and efficaciously learn them about add-on and minus. In the response papers activities for looking at presenting jobs such as ‘how many will at that place be when one more†¦ .. ? ‘ , promoting the kids to state the figure that is one more than a given figure and giving chances for kids to happen one more or less than a figure up to 10s are offered. Again, merely as in the baby's room, each of these activities involves physical experiences and the activities are games to learn and reenforce the mathematical regulations for these facets of add-on and minus. Although the chief papers for Nursery scenes and Reception is the EYFS the Primary Framework wants to promote the facet of utilizing and using mathematics. The utilizing and using mathematics strand has five subjects with patterned advance being built into each subject from the foundation phase right up to twelvemonth 6. The three subdivisions of ‘using and using ‘ in the National Curriculum programmes of survey are straight related. Within the foundation phase, within the work outing jobs subdivision it states that kids will be utilizing their developing mathematical thoughts and methods so they can to work out practical jobs. Therefore, any jobs they are given related to add-on and minus they will be able to work out given their anterior cognition.Year 1- Year 4From Year 1 to twelvemonth 4 it becomes more in deepness and references add-on and minus specifically. For Year 1 kids they will be looking at assorted jobs to make with adding and deducting and work outing jobs in the subject of money and measurings. This means that a batch of the concrete experiences they have will be based around stores in their function play country in order to give the kids a more existent experience of numbering money and holding to make add-on or minus within those scenarios. Year two is much the same merely with the add-on of holding to multiply and split utilizing the topic of money and measurings. Year three is a little measure up from this with the kids holding to take which computations to utilize and to transport them out themselves. Therefore they must make up one's mind whether it is right to add, deduct, split or multiply. Year 4 is non excessively different merely they will be larning how to utilize reckoner methods where appropriate. When kids have to work out jobs or they are asked to follow a ‘line of question ‘ , they will be demoing their thoughts, utilizing Numberss, symbols or diagrams. They will besides be involved in concluding and foretelling and pass oning those consequences, either orally or in authorship. The ‘understanding diagram ‘ put frontward by Haylock and Cockburn, shows the different facets of mathematical acquisition that are needed in order for a kid to be competent and confident in this country. One of the major parts of the diagram is concrete experiences. The instructor needs to finish undertakings themselves and utilize a scope of resources in their instruction. By making such activities it enables the kids to better retrieve what they have been taught as they are able to associate it to a physical memory. It besides allows the kids and the instructor to prosecute in duologue more easy. During these activities it is besides of import for the instructor to mode the linguistic communication they want the kids to take on and to utilize the right symbols themselves to promote the kids to make the same. Written and oral/mental methods for add-on and minus are another two of import facets of mathematical development. An indispensable portion of maths work is unwritten and mental. Early practical, unwritten and mental work, that is carried out in the foundation phases, is the footing for offering kids the chance to construct on their cognition of add-on and minus for numbering attacks and a good apprehension of topographic point value. Subsequently on their instruction kids must be able to recognize how these map s relate to each other and how the regulations can be used and applied. Oral and mental work is non merely something to be used in the beginning of instruction but must be continued to supply pattern and consolidation of these thoughts. Children must be given the chance to use the information they have learned and to do the correct determinations for themselves. To be able to cipher mentally needs an apprehension of figure forms and relationships that are developed through inquiring, by utilizing certain theoretical accounts and using the cognition of Numberss. Children must hold the abil ity to remember figure facts immediately in order to cipher mentally. In twelvemonth 2 this would be the add-on and minus regulations up to 10. For twelvemonth 3 it would be ‘sums and differences of multiples of 10 ‘ and for twelvemonth 4, ‘the generation facts up to 10Ãâ€"10 ‘ . There must besides be an ability to utilize taught schemes in order to work out the computation. For illustration, in twelvemonth 1, to be able to understand that you can get down add-on amounts with any figure and utilize the information to make mental computations of one or two-digit Numberss. To be able usage different methods for partitioning two-digit Numberss in twelvemonth 2 and in twelvemonth 5, to be able to ‘apply mental methods in particular instances ‘ . Finally the ability to utilize and use the regulations of mathematics. For illustration, to be able to execute mental computations of add-on and minus, of one and two-digit Numberss ( twelvemonth 3 ) . The written methods for add-on come in 4 phases and the purpose is that kids are able to utilize the mental methods where they can but when they ca n't make computations in their caput. They can utilize an efficient written method accurately and with assurance. Children need to cognize at least one efficient written method for add-on that they feel confident utilizing if they ca n't make the computation in their caput. The undermentioned phases show how the kids are able to construct up to utilize an appropriate written method for adding whole Numberss by the clip they finish twelvemonth 4. In order for the kids to add successfully they need to cognize some basic accomplishments which are ; ‘to recall all add-on braces to 9+9 and regards in 10 ‘ , ‘to add mentally a series of one-digit Numberss ‘ , ‘to add multiples of 10 or of 100 utilizing the related add-on fact and to be able to utilize different ways of partitioning two and three-digit Numberss every bit good as their cognition on topographic point value. Stage one of the written methods involve the usage of the empty figure line. Children need to be able to divide Numberss in different ways instead than ever into 10s and 1s to assist them add in stairss in order to do multiples of 10. The empty figure line is a manner of assisting them to enter their stairss when ciphering the sum. Phase 2 involves partitioning so that mental methods can be recorded. The 10s and 1s are added to organize partial amounts and those partial amounts are added together. The 3rd phase is the expanded method in columns where the kids move on to a layout that shows the add-on of the 10s and the 1s individually. As kids become more confident they can get down by adding the 1s instead than the 10s. This method leads kids to a more compact method. The 4th and concluding phase is the column method. In this method, there is even less entering to make. The carried figures are noted below the line, either in 10s or in 100s and non in 1s. This can be made more ambitious. The kids can travel on to add more complex Numberss of different Numberss of figures. The written methods for minus come in three phases. The purpose is the same as for the written methods of add-on and once more the phases show how the kids are able to construct up an efficient method for deducting two or three-digit whole Numberss by the clip they finish twelvemonth 4. In order to be able to deduct successfully the kids should cognize the figure facts for add-on and minus to twenty, ‘subtract multiples of 10 utilizing the related minus fact and their cognition of topographic point value ‘ and divider Numberss into multiples of one, 10 and one hundred in legion ways. Phase one, merely as in add-on involves the usage of the empty figure line, which helps the kids to record and subsequently explicate the stairss they haven taken in their mental minus. After the kids have practiced this method for a piece they wo n't necessitate to enter as much information. They will necessitate to make up one's mind whether to number back or up. It is utile to inquire the kids if numbering up or back is better for certain computations. When numbering up from little to big Numberss mentally it can be recorded by utilizing figure lines or in columns. The kids will necessitate to be able to, when covering with two-digit Numberss, to cipher the replies mentally. If the kids are able to work out the replies they do n't necessitate to execute as many stairss when they are working with three-digit Numberss. The numbering up method is a good option for those kids whose advancement is slow. Phase 2 involves partitioning. Partitioning can be used to compose tantamount minus amounts that can so be performed mentally. The 3rd and concluding phase is expanded layout. The column method is mirrored by partitioning the Numberss into 1s and 10s and so composing one under the other. This parallels the method for add-on instead so being straight linked to any mental methods. This besides relies on secure mental accomplishments.DecisionChildren construct on their anterior cognition to come on with their mathematical accomplishments. They all start with practical experiences and changeless exposure to add-on and minus. All kids need to develop sound mental accomplishments in order to develop their written accomplishments. They have to larn the basic regulations for add-on and minus to come on with the written methods.