Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Associated with Sildenafil

Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Associated with SildenafilCHOROIDAL NEOVASCULAR MEMBRANE ASSOCIATED WITH SILDENAFILErectile dys persona is an important problem among men aged 40 eld and older. More than half of all men in this broad age group experience some degree of erectile disfunction. Thus, the provision of an orally administrated in force(p) treatment in the form of sildenafil represents a major therapeutic advantage.(1)Choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) is ultimately the result of a break in a geomorphologic layer beneath the retina known as Bruchs membrane, which separates the nourishing vascular layer called the choroid from the retina. A break in Bruchs membrane whitethorn allow the ingrowth of vessels from the choroid to a position just beneath the retina.(2)Ocular posture effects are not uncommon when sildenafil is used. Minor side effects include pupillary dilation, conjunctival injection (redness), sensitivity to light (photophobia), and dryness. Visual function st udies in wellnessy subjects and in affected role roles with eye disease raise that sildenafil does not affect visual acuity, visual fields, and contrast sensitivity. Transient, mild impairment of polish discrimination can occur around the time of spot plasma levels.(3-7)The purpose of the present case report is to describe a patient who developed CNV after ingestion of Sildenafil for erectile dysfunction.CASE publishThe patient was a 53-year old male who presented with a blurred and loss of vision in the proficient eye. His physical examination did not reveal both significant signs. The patient was fit and healthy otherwise and had no history of glaucoma, diabetes, hypertension, or other systemic vascular disease. Visual acuity was 4/10 in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination was normal. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed that the macula swiftness temporal quadrant was characterized by hemorrhagia and an elevated area (Figure 1A), the left eye revealed an atrophic area outside the macula. The FA of the patient revealed an area of glossy hyperfluorescence in the azoic phase and leaks in the late phase (Figure 1B). A diagnosis of CNV was made. Argon laser photocoagulation was applied on the right eye. The patient did not suffer until 6 months after the laser application and the visual acuity in the right eye had increased up to 9/10. However, 6 months after the laser application, the patient noted loss of vision in the right eye. Argon laser photocoagulation was applied again. The control FA of the patient did not reveal a leakage of the patsy on the right eye (Figure 2). The visual acuity of the patient was 10/10 bilaterally and he didnt reveal any complaints.After 3 years, the patient was referred to our clinic with blurred and loss of vision in the left eye and when the patient underwent rigorous historical questioning, he noted that all his complaints were revealed with the use of 50 mg sildenafil. He sa id that he had taken 50 mg sildenafil before his complaints were revealed. His visual acuity was 10/10 in the right eye and 4/10 in the left eye. The FA revealed CNV and photodynamic therapy and intravitreal anti-VEGF injection were applied to his left eye (Figure 3).DISCUSSIONIn this study we present a patient with CNV associated with sildenafil use. CNV is ultimately the result of a break in a structural layer beneath the retina known as Bruchs membrane, which separates the nourishing vascular layer called the choroid from the retina. A break in Bruchs membrane may allow the ingrowth of vessels from the choroid to a position just beneath the retina .2 These vessels may then leak fluid or blood, initially distorting or blurring vision, and may eventually lead to scarring in the macula and severe loss of central vision. CNV is associated with umpteen diseases. The most common causes are age- associate macular degeneration (AMD), presumed inflammatory and infectious conditions, myop ic macular degeneration, trauma, angioid streaks and laser therapy, however many cases are idiopathic.(2)Sildenafil is a potent and discriminating inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), an enzyme expressed throughout the smooth bodybuilder of the vasculature.3 Through this mechanism, sildenafil potentiates the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway that mediates corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation and thereby significantly improves penile blood flow. Basic science and clinical research have effectively documented the effects of sildenafil on the retinal and choroidal vasculature. Sildenafil also has a weaker inhibitory action on PDE6, located in the rod and cone photoreceptors.Modest, transient visual symptoms, typically sullen tinge to vision, increased brightness of lights, and blurry vision, have been reported with sildenafil use and occur more frequently at higher doses. Visual function studies in healthy subjects and in pa tients with eye disease suggest that sildenafil does not affect visual acuity, visual fields, and contrast sensitivity.(5,6) Transient, mild impairment of color discrimination can occur around the time of peak plasma levels. However, we were not able to find any case of CNV associated with sildenafil use in the literature. Sildenafil induces angiogenic response in human coronary arteriolar endothelial growth factor (VEGF).(7) The same mechanism may be available on the retina and sildenafil may increase the levels of VEGF. This issue requires further studies and patients with CNV should be questioned about the use of sildenafil.Patients should consult with an ophthalmologist if there is any question about the health of their eyes prior to using sildenafil.REFERENCESIrwin Goldstei, Tom F. Lue, Harin Padma-Nathan et al. Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction N Engl J Med 1998 3381397-1404Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Fine SL. Age related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthal mol 198832375-413.Michael F. Marmor, Robert Kesler. Sildenafil and Ophthalmology. Survey of Ophthalmology 199944153-162.Alan M. Laties, Eberhart Zrenner. Viagra and Ophthalmology. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 200221485-506Dndar SO. Visual loss associated with erectile dysfunction drugs. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 200742(1)10-12Zrenner E, Koppiker NP, Smith MD, Constable I, Littlewood R, Stuckey B. The effects of long-term sildenafil treatment on ocular safety in patients with erectile dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 200041S592.Vidavalur R, Penumathsa SV, Zhal L. Sildenafil induces angiogenic response in human coronary arteriolar endothelial cells through the expression of thioredoxin, hemeoxygenase and vascular endothelial growth factor. Vascul Pharmacol. 20064591-95. mental image FOR LEGENDSFIGURE 1A Fundus examination of the right eye revealed that the macula upper temporal quadrant was characterized by hemorrhagia and an elevated areaFIGURE 1B The FA on the right eye of the patient revealed an area of bright hyperfluorescence in the early phase and leaks in the late phaseFIGURE 2 The control FA of the patient did not reveal a leakage of the scar on the right eye after laser photocoagulation was applied.FIGURE 3 The FA on the left eye of the patient revealed an area of bright hyperfluorescence in the early phase and leaks in the late phase